Showing posts with label homlesness. Show all posts
Showing posts with label homlesness. Show all posts

Thursday, December 10, 2020

Land Ownership Taxes Homlesnes and Money in Canada

Canadian Crown corporations (French: sociétés de la Couronne du Canada) are corporations wholly owned by the Crown and most are agents of the Crown with each ultimately accountable, through a relevant minister, to Parliament for the conduct of its affairs.

Canadians are now paying more per capita to support the Queen than the British are. According to the latest figures out of Buckingham Palace, while Canadians are shelling out $1.53 per capita, the British are only paying about $1.32.Jul 14, 

It cost Canada $43 million to support the royal family in 2015

While it can be hard to accurately tabulate the number of Canadians experiencing homelessness, the State of Homelessness in Canada 2016 -- which Richter co-authored -- estimated that at least 235,000 Canadians experience homelessness in a year and 35,000 Canadians experience homelessness on a given night.Aug 12, 2020

About Toronto Homelessness

Homelessness is a complex, urgent and growing issue in Toronto. There are approximately 8,700 people in Toronto who are experiencing homelessness, many more are experiencing “hidden homelessness”, and thousands of others are on the wait list for supportive housing.

The chronically homeless, those who are homeless for six months or more within the past year, are the hardest to house as they are often also dealing with other issues such as addictions and mental health. A person of no fixed address faces major barriers to finding a primary physician, social support, or keeping in touch with family.

Toronto has a shortage of affordable housing. Many individuals experiencing homelessness rely on temporary shelters, emergency services or a friend’s hospitality. Others live “rough” in the city’s parks, ravines, and alleys.

Finding a safe, affordable place to live can be difficult. Homes First is here to help.

Statistics on Homelessness*

  • On any given day over 8,700 people in Toronto are experiencing homelessness.
  • For every 10,000 people in Toronto, 30 are homeless.
  • In 2018, nearly half of Toronto’s homeless population reported being homeless for over 6 months, which makes them chronically homeless.
  • Over 30 per cent of Toronto’s homeless live with a mental health issue, and over 25 per cent live with an addiction.
  • 94 per cent of those experiencing homelessness in Toronto want permanent housing, but face barriers in securing it.
  • 80 per cent said they need more affordable housing options.
  • In the past 10 years, average market rent for a one-bedroom has increased by 33 per cent. In that same time, Ontario Works shelter benefits have increased only 10 per cent.


Does England own Canada?
In 1982, it adopted its own constitution and became a completely independent country. Although it's still part of the British Commonwealt.

Prior to the formation of Crown corporations as presently understood, much of what later became Canada was settled and governed by a similar type of entity called a chartered company. These companies were established by a royal charter by the ScottishEnglish, or French crown, but were owned by private investors. They fulfilled the dual roles of promoting government policy abroad and making a return for shareholders. Certain companies were mainly trading businesses, but some were given a mandate (by royal charter) to govern a specific territory called a charter colony, and the head of this colony, called a proprietary governor, was both a business manager and the governing authority in the area. The first colonies on the island of Newfoundland were founded in this manner, between 1610 and 1728.

Can you truly own land in Canada?
The second largest country in the world by total area, Canada, is one of the most highly urbanized globally. However, none of its citizens have the right to own physical land in the country. Land in Canada is solely owned by Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the head of state as pet Sep 19, 2019

Does the British royal family own land in Canada?
Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain or demesne, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. ... Today, in Commonwealth realms such as Canada and Australia, crown land is considered public land and is apart from the monarch's private estate.

Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain or demesne, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. Today, in Commonwealth realms such as Canada and Australia, crown land is considered public land and is apart from the monarch's private estate.

In Britain, the hereditary revenues of Crown lands provided income for the monarch until the start of the reign of George III, when the profits from the Crown Estate were surrendered to the Parliament of Great Britain in return for a fixed civil list payment. The monarch retains the income from the Duchy of Lancaster.

Ontario

87% of the province is Crown land, of which 95% is in northern Ontario. It's managed by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry and is used for economic development, tourism and recreation.


The majority of all lands in Canada are held by governments as public land and are known as Crown lands. About 89% of Canada's land area (8,886,356 km²) is Crown land, which may either be federal (41%) or provincial (48%); the remaining 11% is privately owned.


Canada has three levels of government:
  • federal.
  • provincial or territorial.
  • municipal (city)
Who is part of local government?
Local governments generally include two tiers: counties, also known as boroughs in Alaska and parishes in Louisiana, and municipalities, or cities/towns. In some states, counties are divided into townships.

What are the 5 types of local government?
The ICMA has classified local governments into five common forms: mayor–council, council–manager, commission, town meeting, and representative town meeting.
local tax is an assessment by a state, county, or municipality to fund public services ranging from education to garbage collection and sewer maintenance. Local taxes come in many forms, from property taxes and payroll taxes to sales taxes and licensing fees. They can vary widely from one jurisdiction to the next.

Municipalities also pay wages and benefits to government workers above those of comparable private sector positions.

This is about more than just economics. It seems unfair for government workers to receive a premium paid for by private sector workers who receive less overall compensation for similar work.


A final indicator of the dramatic difference between the government and private sectors: the rate of absenteeism. In 2013, full-time employees in Ontario’s private sector were absent due to personal reasons an average of 7.2 days throughout the year while the average government worker was absent 10.4 days.


Ontario (provincial) tax rates for the 2020 tax year
  • 5.05% on taxable income of C$44,740 or less.
  • 9.15% on taxable income between $44,742, and $89,482.
  • 11.16% on taxable income between $89,482 and $150,000.
  • 12.16% on taxable income between $150,000 and $220,000.
  • 13.16% on taxable income over $220,000.

What are the federal taxes in Canada?
The 10% rate applies to income from $1 to $10,000; the 20% rate applies to income from $10,001 to $20,000; and the 30% rate applies to all income above $20,000. Under this system, someone earning $10,000 is taxed at 10%, paying a total of $1,000.

In March 2019, there were 287,978 employees in the Federal Public Service.

How many Ontario government employees are there?
60,000
Overview. The Government of Ontario includes ministries, agencies and Crown corporations. Its workforce of 60,000+ public servants is called the Ontario Public Service ( OPS ).

Employment in the public sector accounts for 20% of employed Canadians. The public sector employed 3.6 million people in 2010, an increase of almost 46,000 jobs (1.3%) from 2009. In 2010, the wages and salaries of public sector employees totalled $191.8 billion, a 4.4% increase from $183.7 billion in 2009.

Ontario There are three types of sales taxes in Canada: PST, GST and HST. As of July 1, 2019 the PST rate was reduced from 8% to 7%. As of July 1, 2016 the HST rate increased from 13% to 15%.

Individuals in Canada generally pay income taxes on employment and investment income to the province in which they reside on December 31 of the tax year.

 $12-billion in unspent contingency funds as COVID-19′s second wave hit, report says

December 2020

The Government of Ontario is falling far short when it comes to financially supporting people and public services, says CUPE Ontario, drawing on a new report by the Financial Accountability Office of Ontario (FAO).

The report reveals that the provincial government’s share of direct support measures compared to the federal government is only three per cent. Additionally, out of two funds to support COVID-19 response measures, a Health Sector Response Fund and a Support for People and Jobs Fund, the majority ($6.7 billion) remains unused. This is also the case for the majority of the Safe Restart Fund, $3.1 billion, and half of the Safe Return to School Fund.

“Doug Ford keeps telling Ontarians that he’s willing to do anything to support our communities and keep us safe,” said Fred Hahn, President of CUPE Ontario, representing 280,000 public sector workers. “But this report is exposing that spin.


Taxation in Canada is a prerogative shared between the federal government and the various provincial and territorial legislatures.


Canada
 is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest bi-national land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are TorontoMontreal, and Vancouver.

Largest cityToronto

Although responsible government had existed in Canada since 1848, Britain continued to set its foreign and defence policies until the end of the First World War. The passing of the Statute of Westminster in 1931 recognized that Canada had become co-equal with the United Kingdom. After the Constitution was patriated in 1982, the final vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament were removed. Canada currently consists of ten provinces and three territories and is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.


The first major Canadian experience with directly state-owned enterprises came during the early growth of the railways. During the earlier part of the century, many British North American colonies that now comprise the Canadian federation had Crown corporations, often in the form of railways, such as the Nova Scotia Railway, since there was limited private capital available for such endeavours. When four British colonies joined to create the Canadian federation in 1867, these railways were transferred to the new central government. As well, the construction of the Intercolonial Railway between them was one of the terms of the new constitution. The first section of this entirely government-owned railway was completed in 1872.

Western Canada's early railways were all run by privately owned companies backed by government subsidies and loans. By the early twentieth century, however, many of these had become bankrupt. The federal government nationalised several failing Western railways and combined them with its existing Intercolonial and other line in the East to create Canadian National Railways (CNR) in 1918 as a transcontinental system. The CNR was unique in that was a conglomerate, and besides passenger and freight rail, it had inherited major business interests in shipping, hotels, and telegraphy and was able create new lines of business in broadcasting and air travel. Many of the components of this business empire where later spun off into new Crown corporations including some the most important businesses in the mid-twentieth century economy of Canada, such Air Canada, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), Via Rail, and Marine Atlantic.

Provincial Crown corporations also re-emerged in the early twentieth century, most notably in the selling of alcohol. Government monopoly liquor stores were seen as a compromise between the recently ended era of Prohibition in Canada and the excesses of the previous open market which had led to calls for prohibition in the first place. Virtually all the provinces used this system at one point. The largest of these government liquor businesses, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (founded 1927), was by 2008 one of the world's largest alcohol retailers. Resource and utility companies also emerged at this time, notably Ontario Hydro in 1906, Alberta Government Telephones in 1906, and SaskTel in 1908. Provincial governments also re-entered the railway business as in Northern Alberta Railways in 1925 and what later became BC Rail in 1918. A notable anomaly of this era is Canada's only provincially owned "bank" (though not called that for legal reasons) Alberta Treasury Branches, created in 1937.

New crown Corporations were also created throughout much of the mid-century. A government-owned bank, Business Development Bank of Canada was created in 1944. The federal Post Office Department became a Crown corporation as Canada Post Corporation in 1981, and Canada's export credit agencyExport Development Canada, was created in 1985. Perhaps the most controversial was Petro-Canada, Canada's short-lived attempt to create a national oil company, founded in 1975.

Not only the federal government was involved, but also the provinces, who were in engaged in an era of "province building" (expanding the reach and importance of the provincial governments) around this time. The prototypical example is undoubtedly Hydro-Québec, founded in 1944 and now Canada's largest electricity generator and the world's largest producer of electricity. 


Civid 2019


Four Crown corporations account for roughly $236 billion in loans or deferrals handed out since the start of the pandemic to make it easier for businesses to manage costs.

Crown corporations have handed out an estimated $422 billion in “liquidity support” to businesses since the start of the coronavirus pandemic.

The measures are mostly to be repaid, with just some portions of loans being forgivable, meaning they are unlikely to have a large impact on the federal deficit.